Fine Particulate Matter PM2.5: Causes, Effects, and Prevention

PM2.5 fine particulate matter is one of the causes of severe air pollution, negatively impacting human health. So, what exactly is PM2.5 fine particulate matter, how does it affect our health, and how can we prevent it? Let’s explore this article to find out!

1. What is PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter?
2. Causes of PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter
3. Health Effects of PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter
4. Prevention of PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter

1. What is PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter?

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 92% of the population lives in polluted air, and Vietnam is among the countries at high risk. Despite efforts by various agencies and organizations to implement environmental protection policies, air pollution continues to increase. Fine and ultra-fine particulate matter are identified as major pollutants affecting human health.

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, fine particulate matter (PM) consists of inorganic or organic particles suspended in the air, primarily originating from vehicle emissions and the combustion of organic fuels in industry. The size of fine particulate matter varies greatly and is difficult to see with the naked eye, measured in micrometers (µm). The most well-known fine particulate sizes include:

• PM10: Particles with diameters ranging from 2.5 to 10 micrometers.
• PM2.5: Particles with diameters smaller than 2.5 micrometers.
• PM1.0: Particles with a diameter of 1 micrometer.
• PM0.1: Ultra-fine particles with diameters less than 0.1 micrometers.

PM2.5 fine particulate matter refers to tiny particles in the air with diameters of 2.5 micrometers or less, about 30 times smaller than a human hair.

2. Causes of PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter

PM2.5 fine particulate matter appears in the air due to both natural and man-made causes.

Natural Causes:

• Forest Fires: Large forest fires, often caused by sudden climate changes, release substantial amounts of fine particulate matter into the environment.
• Natural Dust: Deserts, soil, and volcanic eruptions contribute significantly to the spread of fine particulate matter in the air.
• Seasonal Changes: During October and November, thick fog can trap layers of dust within cities, leading to severe air pollution.

Man-made Causes:

• Transportation: Vehicles emit considerable exhaust fumes and fine particulates during operation.
• Domestic Activities: Using coal, wood, and oil for cooking generates a certain amount of exhaust, increasing fine particulate matter in the air.
• Industrial Production: Factories and industrial zones release large amounts of exhaust into the environment.
• Waste: Household and industrial waste produce bacteria and fine particulate matter, affecting the clean air we breathe.
• Construction: Building apartments, skyscrapers, and roads generate fine particulate matter, significantly impacting air quality.
• Agriculture: Transporting and burning straw release harmful exhaust, affecting clean air.

3. Health Effects of PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter

PM2.5 fine particulate matter carries harmful bacteria, causing skin allergies, itching, and discomfort. Prolonged exposure can lead to nasal inflammation, eye irritation, and respiratory illnesses. Fine particulate matter can penetrate deep into the lungs and circulatory system, causing severe respiratory and cardiovascular issues, and even cancer. Children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing respiratory and heart conditions are particularly vulnerable to the effects of fine particulate matter.

4. Prevention of PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matter

Use Specialized Masks Outdoors: N95 masks effectively filter fine particulate matter, protecting the respiratory system when outdoors. N95 masks filter out 95% of dust and bacteria, whereas regular medical masks only filter out 30%-40% of particulate matter.

With the belief in always providing products that serve the health of the community, we have introduced the Heacle HA-N11 air purifier line with superior air filtration technology thanks to its unique core system, combined with manufacturing expertise from Taiwan. It promises to bring a completely new air quality. Learn more now!

Use Air Purifiers Indoors: Air purifiers help eliminate PM2.5 fine particulate matter from living spaces, ensuring indoor air quality remains clean. Currently, there are many air purifiers on the market capable of filtering out bacteria, mold, allergens, and PM2.5 fine particulate matter.

Maintain Healthy Living Habits: Regularly clean the house, wash hands frequently, and maintain a healthy diet to boost immunity and reduce the risk of being affected by PM2.5 fine particulate matter.